E.E. Cummings Essays - Guggenheim Fellows, La, E. E. Cummings

E.E. Cummings Essays - Guggenheim Fellows, La, E. E. Cummings E.E. Cummings The Poetry of E. E. Cummings E. E. Cummings, who was conceived in 1894 and kicked the bucket in 1962, composed numerous sonnets with whimsical accentuation and capitalization, and surprising line, word, and even letter arrangements - to be specific, ideograms. Cummings' most troublesome type of exposition is likely the ideogram; it is incredibly brief and it consolidates both visual and sound-related components. There might be sounds or characters on the page that can't be verbalized or can't pass on a similar message whenever articulated and not read. Four of Cummings' sonnets - l(a, humans), !blac, and swi( - outline the ideogram structure very well. Cummings uses one of a kind linguistic structure in these sonnets so as to pass on messages outwardly just as verbally. Albeit one may consider l(a a sonnet of misery and forlornness, Cummings likely didn't expect that. This sonnet is about distinction - unity (Kid 200-1). The subject of unity can be gotten from the various occurrences and types of the number '1' all through the sonnet. In the first place, 'l(a' contains both the number 1 and the solitary inconclusive article, 'a'; the subsequent line contains the French solitary clear article, 'le'; 'll' on the fifth line speaks to two ones; 'one' on the seventh line illuminates the number; the eighth line, 'l', separates the number; and 'iness', the last line, can mean the state of being I - that is, uniqueness - or unity, determining the one from the lowercase roman numeral 'I' (200). Cummings could have streamlined this sonnet definitely (a leaf falls:/dejection), and still passed on the equivalent verbal message, however he has adjusted the ordinary language structure all together that each line should show a 'one' and feature the subject of unity. Truth be told, the entire sonnet is molded like a '1' (200). The state of the sonnet can likewise be viewed as the way of a falling leaf; the sonnet floats down, flipping and changing sets of letters like a falling leaf coasting, to and fro, to the cold earth. The starting 'l(a' changes to 'le', and 'af' flips to 'fa'. 'll' shows a speedy drop of the leaf, which has eased back by a more drawn out line, 'one'. At long last, the leaf falls into the heap of fallen leaves on the ground, spoke to by 'iness'. Cummings has composed this sonnet so impeccably that all aspects of it passes on the message of unity and uniqueness (200). In humans), Cummings vitalizes a trapeze follow up on paper. Strangely enough, this sonnet, as well, focuses on the possibility of independence, or 'eachness', as it is expressed on line four. Lines 2 and 4, 'climbi' and 'begi', both end leaving the letter 'I' uncovered. This is an indication that Cummings is attempting to accentuate the idea of pomposity (Tri 36). This sonnet is an entertaining one, as it shows the impacts of a trapeze act inside the course of action of the words. On line 10, the space in the word 'open ing' demonstrates the demonstration starting, and the unfilled, static second before it has completely started. 'of rates of' and '&meet&', lines 8 what's more, 12 separately, show a kind of to and fro movement, much like that of the movement of a trapeze swinging. Lines 12 through 15 show the last bounce off the trapeze, and 'a/n/d' on lines 17 through 19, speak to the abandoned trapeze, after the tumblers have gotten off. At last, '(im' on the last line ought to take the peruser's eyes back to the highest point of the sonnet, where he discovers 'humans)'. Putting '(im' at the end of the sonnet shows that the entertainers achieve an exceptional kind of interminability for taking a chance with their lives to make a demonstration of excellence, they accomplish a unique kind of eternality (36-7). The circularity of the sonnet causes a sentiment of completeness or fulfillment, and may speak to the Circle of Life, unceasing movement (Fri 26). Cummings first firmly composed ideogram was !blac, a very fascinating sonnet. It begins with '!', which is by all accounts saying that something meriting that outcry guide happened front toward the sonnet, and the sonnet is attempting impartially to depict certain sentiments coming about because of '!'. dark against white is a case of such a portrayal in the sonnet; the conflicting hues make an inclination in a state of harmony with '!'. Additionally, why (whi) proposes beguilement and miracle, another feeling coming about because of '!'

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The executives bookkeeping - Essay Example Techniques, for example, standard costing and budgetary control are related with advancements in the board bookkeeping - this is thought to have been because of the customary ascent of enormous and multi-divisional business exercises. This perception is in accordance with what Chandler (1977) set out, when he kept up that cutting edge the executives began from the financial history. The monetary history took the position that was recently taken by showcase components by presenting an establishment with new highlights, a cutting edge business venture or the oversaw animal. Basically, by arranging and planning of the exercises in an association across reality, just as inside catching proficiency advantages and cost, the oversaw element dislodged, thwarted, and basically updated showcase connections (Coase, 1937). Thus, the board realized oligopoly since it was conceivable to make huge scope elements whereby directors oversee different administrators through the procedure of managerial coordination. The associations that followed these structures were fit for running financially to the degree of updating and overwhelming their areas, just as their staff. Basically, the managerial coordination realized another wellspring of intensity, which has in the long run overhauled the constraints of the authoritative and monetary scenes. Considering this, it is obvious that Chandler contributed towards a clarification of the birthplace of the cutting edge the board by revealing insight into how various types of authoritative coordination were, at the beginning, created (Hoskin and Macve, 1990). Chandler indicated the Springfield Armory as the starting point of the advancement of single-unit the board, which was supposedly done in the viewpoint of presenting a compatible part producer. Fundamentally, this area could have been an unsatisfactory wellspring of the administration; be that as it may, the regulatory coordination couldn't have begun from the response from specialize d developments, however it more likely than not began from an unmistakable and disciplinary intercession. In a perfect world, for this situation, the regulatory coordination was tried through coordination, issue arranging just as control of staff and plant all through the all-inclusive second and space. Furthermore, another significant supporter of the advanced administration, similarly as Chandler kept up, is George Whistler who was related with the Western Railroad. Chandler (1977, p. 97-98) found out that Whistler was the first to grasp circumspectly characterized, present day, and an interior hierarchical structure, in 1841. This improvement was the principal American business venture to work under an officially planned regulatory structure, supervised by full-time and paid staff. After Whistler, the Pennsylvania (PRR) was the resulting key railroad where severance of working and money related capacities was an amazing advancement that prompted the foundation of a type of associ ation portrayed by Chandler (1977) as â€Å"decentralized line-and-staff division.† (p. 105). Moreover, the tenacious assessment and creation of far reaching streams of data in both human and physical resources decreased working expense and improved effectiveness. As per Chandler (1977) the most earth shattering commitments to bookkeeping was made by Pennsylvania

The Benefits (and Drawbacks) to No Credit Check Installment Loans

The Benefits (and Drawbacks) to No Credit Check Installment Loans The Benefits (and Drawbacks) to No Credit Check Installment Loans The Benefits (and Drawbacks) to No Credit Check Installment LoansNo credit check installment loans are far from perfect, but they have a leg up on short-term payday loans. Heres everything you need to know.When you have bad credit and you need to borrow money, your options don’t usually inspire a lot of confidence. What else can you do but settle for a short-term, high-interest payday loan or title loan?Well, that’s where no credit check installment loans come in. Like short-term cash advance loans, applying for one won’t hurt your credit, but they also come with longer terms and more manageable payments.Then again, it’s not like these installment loans are absolutely perfect. They’re not. They come with a long list of pros and cons, just like any other financial product.With that in mind, here’s an overview of the benefits and drawbacks to borrowing a no credit check installment loanâ€"with a special emphasis on how they stack up compared to payday loans.Benefit: You can borrow more.Many states have fairly strict limits as to how much a person can borrow with a short-term payday loan. Usually, the maximum loan amount won’t be more than several hundred dollars.This means that payday loans won’t be helpful for larger financial needs. Sure, you could use one to stretch your budget over the last few days before a paycheck, but something like a car repair bill or surprise medical expense will probably require more money than a payday loan can provide.This is where no credit check installment loans can come in handy, as they usually come with much larger average loan amounts. If the bill you need to cover is over $1,000, an installment loan is likely going to be a much better form of bridge financing than a two-week payday loan.Of course, these loan amounts will vary from state to state, from lender to lender, and from customer to customer. The good thing about no credit check installment loans and payday loans  is that you can apply for one and lear n how much you’ll be approved for without having an inquiry show up on your credit report!Benefit: Lower interest rates.This is another benefit that will vary depending on your specific financial situation, your state of residence, and the particular lender that you’re working with. All that having been said, a bad credit installment loan is very likely to come with a lower annual percentage rate (APR) than your standard payday loan.You’ll always want to check out the APR for any personal loan that you borrow, but you want to pay special attention to it when borrowing a payday loan. Due to their short repayment terms, the stated interest rates for these loans can vary wildly from their actual APRs.For instance, a two-week payday loan with an interest rate of fifteen percent has an APR of 391 percent! What?! That’s because APR measures the cost of a loan over one full year. It’s a standardized metric that lets you make apples-to-apples comparisons between different types of loans.Granted, no credit check installment loans are still going to have a much higher interest rate than regular personal loans. But even an installment loan with a 130 percent APR still comes at less than one-third the cost of a payday loan with an APR of 400 percent.Drawback: More interest paid overall.This is one area where comparing bad credit installment loans and payday loans can get a little tricky, so please bear with us. This seems like a truly major drawback on paper, but in reality, it’s a little more minor.Because payday loans have such short repayment terms, paying one off on time means paying far less in actual interest than you would on an installment loanâ€"even one with a much lower APR.This is why payday loans seem so appealing. Sure, their APRs are high, but why would you worry about the cost of the loan over a full year? You’re going to pay it back in two weeks! $15 per $100 borrowed is a lot less than $120 per $100, right?! It’s so obvious!Heres where th ings go sideways. Because, yes, on paper, payday loans cost much less than installment loans. But in reality, many payday loan customers struggle to pay their loans back on time. And the longer they are in debt, the more relevant those high APRs become.Here are some numbers that should give you pause: According to a study from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), the average payday loan customer takes out 10 loans annually and spends almost 200 days every year in debt. That means paying an effective interest rate between 150 and 219 percent on a payday loan with a 391 percent APR.So, yes, you’ll end up paying more with an installment loan than you will with a payday loan, even if the former has a much lower APR than the latter. But that’s not the whole story.Benefit: More manageable payments.Why do so many payday loan borrowers end up taking out so many loans? Well, the reasons go beyond the interest rate. They also have to do with the size of their payments.Simply p ut, many people struggle to pay back several hundred dollars within two weeks. And even if they do make the payment, it oftentimes creates another budget shortfall, which then leads to them taking out another payday loan.According to a study from The Pew Charitable Trusts, only 14 percent of payday loan borrowers have enough money in their monthly budgets to pay back their loans on time. That’s not a lot!Borrowers who find themselves in situations like this are often faced with two options. They can roll over their loan, which means that they pay only the interest owed and then get a new repayment term, complete with more interest, or they can take out a new loan immediately after paying off their old one.This is an area where installment loans have an advantage. Despite their larger loan amounts, their longer payment terms and lower APRs mean that the individual payment amounts are smaller and more manageable.APRs and interest rates are always important factors when you’re cons idering a bad credit loan. But don’t forget to check the size of your payments as well. Even a great interest rate isn’t worth it if the individual payments are going to be more than you can afford.Benefit: Amortizing interest.While we’re on the subject of interest, let’s talk about amortization. You might not be familiar with that term, but it’s an area where installment loans have a big leg up on their short-term competition.With an amortizing loan, your interest accrues over time, and every payment you make goes towards both the principal loan amount and the interest owed. Loans that aren’t amortizing, on the other hand, charge interest as a flat fee.Most installment loans are amortizing, but you should always check to make sureâ€"especially when borrowing from bad credit lenders. With an amortizing loan, paying the loan off early saves you money because less interest accruesâ€"though you should also check to make sure your installment loan doesn’t come with any pre payment penalties.Payday loans aren’t amortizing, which means that interest is charged as a flat rate right when the loan is issued. Paying back a two-week payday loan in only  one week won’t save you anything.But one of the primary ways that amortizing loans benefit borrowers is by ensuring that every payment gets the borrower closer towards paying the loan off altogether. It’s the opposite of loan rollover, where every payment only goes towards interest, never the principal.If you’re borrowing a loan, make sure it’s amortizing. And in order to find an amortizing no credit check loan, an installment loan is by far your best best.Drawback: No credit checks vs. soft credit checksThis is an issue with all no credit check loans, not just no credit check installment loans.Lenders that don’t do any sort of check on your credit history or your ability to repay are probably not lenders you should be dealing with. No due diligence of any sort is a sign that they might be banking on their customers falling into a predatory debt cycle.But not all bad credit lenders are like that. Some lenders, including OppLoans, care deeply about their customers’ ability to repay the loans they borrow. (Shocking, right?)These lenders will not only check your ability to repay your loan, but they’ll also run what’s called a soft check on your credit. This is a check that returns less information than a full (or hard) credit check, but that doesn’t get recorded on your credit report or affect your score in any way.The reason that people turn to no credit check loans is that they have no other optionsâ€"and because there’s no use in having a credit check ding your score when you know that you’re going to get denied anyway.But that doesn’t mean that you should stick with any old lender, no matter what kind of loan you’re taking out. Find a lender that offers amortizing interest and checks your ability to repayâ€"especially if they perform a soft credit check. You won’t regret it.To learn more about borrowing money when you have bad credit, check out these related posts from OppLoans:5 Personal Loans With Easy Approval (And Why That Can Be a Bad Thing)“Uh-Oh, I Need Money Now!” 4 Fast Cash Options for People With Bad CreditNo Credit Card? Here Are 6 Ways You Can Still Fix Your Credit ScoreHere’s Why College Students Should Avoid Payday LoansWhat other questions do you have about bad credit borrowing? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

Notes of Biology - 1706 Words

Q1:Why is reproduction essential for organisms? Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all living organisms. It is a biological process through which living organisms produce offspring’s similar to them. Reproduction ensures the continuance of various species on the Earth. In the absence of reproduction, the species will not be able to exist for a long time and may soon get extinct. Q2:Which is a better mode of reproduction sexual or asexual? Why? Sexual reproduction is a better mode of reproduction. It allows the formation of new variants by the combination of the DNA from two different individuals, typically one of each sex. It involves the fusion of the male and the female gamete to produce variants, which are not identical to their†¦show more content†¦|It requires only one individual. | |3. |The individuals produced are not identical to their parents and|The individuals produced are identical to the parent and are| | |show variations from each other and also, from their parents. |hence, called clones. | |4. |Most animals reproduce sexually. Both sexual and asexual modes |Asexual modes of reproduction are common in organisms having| | |of reproduction are found in plants. |simple organizations such as algae and fungi. | |5. |It is a slow process. |It is a fast process. | Vegetative propagation is a process in which new plants are obtained without the production of seeds or spores. It involves the propagation of plants through certain vegetative parts such as the rhizome, sucker, tuber, bulb, etc. It does not involve the fusion of the male and the female gamete and requires only one parent. Hence, vegetative reproduction is considered as a type of asexual reproduction. [pic] Q7:What is vegetative propagation? Give two suitable examples. Vegetative propagation is a mode of asexual reproduction in which new plants are obtained from the vegetative parts of plants. It does not involve the production of seeds or spores for the propagation of new plants. Vegetative parts ofShow MoreRelatedBiology Notes749 Words   |  3 Pages4-1 The high concentration of urea might unfold proteins because urea is a very good hydrogen donor and hydrogen acceptor. Urea molecules are basically able to fit in between hydrogen bonds and eventually destabilize the structures of the proteins. 4-6 A. If you were to have a feedback inhibition from Z that affects BïÆ'  C it would mean that there would be an increased pathway form BïÆ'  XïÆ'  YïÆ'  Z. B. 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Using A Numerical Example Of The Income Multiplier Process

Using a numerical example explain the income multiplier process. When extra spending is injected into the economy, it will create further spending which will also create further spending and so on. If firms decide to hire more people, then there is more income being paid to households. Households will then spend this money on domestic goods. This further increase in consumption will act as an incentive to firms to supply more to meet the growing demand, and henceforth further employ more people leading to another increase in household income. Thus consumption increases and the process continues. For example, if  £10million is injected into the economy, if the multiplier was 3, it would cause a  £30million rise in national income. What is meant by automatic stabilizers and show how they work? Automatic stabilizers are components of the government spending which are not at the discretion of the government. 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The Stupidest Angel Chapter 1 Free Essays

string(110) " to shock as the evil developer thwacked the Latin Santa-ette in the breadbasket with a satchel of minicubes\." This book is dedicated to MIKE SPRADLIN who said: â€Å"You know, you oughtta write a Christmas book.† To which I replied: â€Å"What kind of Christmas book?† To which he replied: â€Å"I don’t know. Maybe Christmas in Pine Cove or something. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stupidest Angel Chapter 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † To which I replied: † ‘Kay.† Acknowledgments The author wishes to acknowledge those who helped: as always, Nicholas Ellison, my intrepid agent; Jennifer Brehl, my brilliant editor; Lisa Gallagher and Michael Morrison for continued confidence in my ability to tell stories; Jack Womack and Leslie Cohen for getting me in front of my readers and the press; the Huffmans, for preparing a landing pad and a warm welcome; Charlee Rodgers, for the careful reads, thoughtful comments, and just putting up with the process; and finally, Taco Bob, from whom I joyfully (and with permission, which almost ruins it) swiped the idea for chapter 16. Author’s Warning If you’re buying this book as a gift for your grandma or a kid, you should be aware that it contains cusswords as well as tasteful depictions of cannibalism and people in their forties having sex. Don’t blame me. I told you. Chapter 1 CHRISTMAS CREEPS Christmas crept into Pine Cove like a creeping Christmas thing: dragging garland, ribbon, and sleigh bells, oozing eggnog, reeking of pine, and threatening festive doom like a cold sore under the mistletoe. Pine Cove, her pseudo-Tudor architecture all tarted up in holiday quaintage – twinkle lights in all the trees along Cypress Street, fake snow blown into the corner of every shop’s windows, miniature Santas and giant candles hovering illuminated beneath every streetlight – opened to the droves of tourists from Los Angeles, San Francisco, and the Central Valley searching for a truly meaningful moment of Christmas commerce. Pine Cove, sleepy California coastal village – a toy town, really, with more art galleries than gas stations, more wine-tasting rooms than hardware stores – lay there, as inviting as a drunken prom queen, as Christmas loomed, only five days away. Christmas was coming, and with Christmas this year, would come the Child. Both were vast and irresistible, and miraculous. Pine Cove was expecting only one of the two. Which is not to say that the locals didn’t get into the Christmas spirit. The two weeks before and after Christmas provided a welcome wave of cash into the town’s coffers, tourist-starved since summer. Every waitress dusted off her Santa hat and clip-on reindeer antlers and checked to make sure that there were four good pens in her apron. Hotel clerks steeled themselves for the rage of last-minute overbookings, while housekeepers switched from their normal putrid baby-powder air fresheners to a more festive putrid pine and cinnamon. Down at the Pine Cove Boutique they put a â€Å"Holiday Special† sign on the hideous reindeer sweater and marked it up for the tenth consecutive year. The Elks, Moose, Masons, and VFWs, who were basically the same bunch of drunk old guys, planned furiously for their annual Christmas parade down Cypress Street, the theme of which this year would be Patriotism in the Bed of a Pickup (mainly because that had been the theme of their Fourt h of July parade and everyone still had the decorations). Many Pine Covers even volunteered to man the Salvation Army kettles down in front of the post office and the Thrifty-Mart in two-hour shifts, sixteen hours a day. Dressed in their red suits and fake beards, they rang their bells like they were going for dog-spit gold at the Pavlov Olympics. â€Å"Give up the cash, you cheap son of a bitch,† said Lena Marquez, who was working the kettle that Monday, five days before Christmas. Lena was following Dale Pearson, Pine Cove’s evil developer, through the parking lot, ringing the bejeezus out of him as he headed for his truck. On his way into the Thrifty-Mart, he’d nodded to her and said, â€Å"Catch you on the way out,† but when he emerged eight minutes later, carrying a sack of groceries and a bag of ice, he blew by her kettle like she was using it to render tallow from building inspectors’ butts and he needed to escape the stench. â€Å"It’s not like you can’t afford a couple of bucks for the less fortunate.† She rang her bell especially hard right by his ear and he spun around, swinging the bag of ice at her about hip level. Lena jumped back. She was thirty-eight, lean, dark-skinned, with the delicate neck and finely set jawline of a flamenco dancer; her long black hair was coiled into two Princess Leia cinnabuns on either side of her Santa hat. â€Å"You can’t take a swing at Santa! That’s wrong in so many ways that I don’t have time to enumerate them.† â€Å"You mean to count them,† Dale said, the soft winter sunlight glinting off a new set of veneers he’d just had installed on his front teeth. He was fifty-two, almost completely bald, and had strong carpenter’s shoulders that were still wide and square, despite the beer gut hanging below. â€Å"I mean it’s wrong – you’re wrong – and you’re cheap,† and with that Lena put the bell next to his ear again and shook it like a red-suited terrier shaking the life out of a screaming brass rat. Dale cringed at the sound and swung the ten-pound bag of ice in a great underhanded arc that caught Lena in the solar plexus and sent her backpedaling across the parking lot, gasping for breath. That’s when the ladies at BULGES called the cops – well, cop. BULGES was a women’s fitness center located just above the parking lot of the Thrifty-Mart, and from their treadmills and stair-climbing machines, the BULGES members could watch the ins and outs of the local market without feeling as if they were actively spying. So what had started as a moment of sheer glee and a mild adrenaline surge for the six of them who were watching as Lena chased Dale through the parking lot, turned quickly to shock as the evil developer thwacked the Latin Santa-ette in the breadbasket with a satchel of minicubes. You read "The Stupidest Angel Chapter 1" in category "Essay examples" Five of the six merely missed a step or gasped, but Georgia Bauman – who had her treadmill cranked up to eight miles per hour at that very moment, because she was trying to lose fifteen pounds by Christmas and fit into a red-sequined sheath cocktail dress her husband had bought for her in a fit of sexual idealism – bowled backward off her treadmill and lan ded in a colorful spandex tangle of yoga students who had been practicing on the mats behind her. â€Å"Ow, my ass chakra!† â€Å"That’s you’re root chakra.† â€Å"Feels like my ass.† â€Å"Did you see that? He nearly knocked her off her feet. Poor thing.† â€Å"Should we see if she’s all right?† â€Å"Someone should call Theo.† The exercisers opened their cell phones in unison, like the Jets flicking switchblades as they gaily danced into a West Side Story gang-fight to the death. â€Å"Why did she ever marry that guy, anyway?† â€Å"He’s such an asshole.† â€Å"She used to drink.† â€Å"Georgia, are you all right, honey?† â€Å"Can you get Theo by calling 911?† â€Å"That bastard is just going to drive off and leave her there » â€Å"We should go help.† â€Å"I’ve got twelve more minutes on this thing.† â€Å"The cell reception in this town is horrible.† â€Å"I have Theo’s number on speed dial, for the kids. Let me call.† â€Å"Look at Georgia and the girls. It looks like they were playing Twister and fell.† â€Å"Hello, Theo. This is Jane down at BULGES. Yes, well, I just glanced out the window here and I noticed that there might be a problem over at the Thrifty-Mart. Well, I don’t want to meddle, but let’s just say that a certain contractor just hit one of the Salvation Army Santas with a bag of ice. Well, I’ll look for your car, then.† She flipped the phone shut. â€Å"He’s on his way.† Theophilus Crowe’s mobile phone played eight bars of â€Å"Tangled Up in Blue† in an irritating electronic voice that sounded like a choir of suffering houseflies, or Jiminy Cricket huffing helium, or, well, you know, Bob Dylan – anyway, by the time he got the device open, five people in the produce section of the Thrifty-Mart were giving him the hairy eyeball hard enough to wilt the arugula right there in his cart. He grinned as if to say, Sorry, I hate these things, too, but what aw you gonna do? then he answered, â€Å"Constable Crowe,† just to remind everyone that he wasn’t dickmg around here, he was THE LAW. â€Å"In the parking lot of the Thrifty-Mart? Okay, I’ll be right there » Wow, this was convenient. One thing about being the resident lawman in a town of only five thousand people – you were never far from the trouble. Theo parked his cart on the end of the aisle and loped by the registers and out the automatic doors to the parking lot (He was a denim- and flannel-clad praying mantis of a man, six-six, one-eighty, and he only had three speeds, amble, lope, and still). Outside he found Lena Marquez doubled over and gasping for breath. Her ex-husband, Dale Pearson, was stepping into his four-wheel-drive pickup. â€Å"Right there, Dale. Wait,† Theo said Theo ascertained that Lena had only had the wind knocked out of her and was going to be okay, then addressed the stocky contractor, who had paused with one boot on the running board, as if he’d be on his way as soon as the hot air cleared out of the truck. â€Å"What happened here?† â€Å"The crazy bitch hit me with that bell of hers.† â€Å"Did not,† gasped Lena â€Å"I got a report you hit her with a bag of ice, Dale. That’s assault.† Dale Pearson looked around quickly and spotted the crowd of women gathered by the window over at the gym. They all looked away, heading for the various machines they had been on when the debacle unfolded. â€Å"Ask them. They’ll tell you she had that bell right upside my head. I just reacted out of self-defense.† â€Å"He said he’d donate when he came out of the store, then he didn’t,† Lena said, her breath coming back. â€Å"There’s an implied contract there. He violated it. And I didn’t hit him.† â€Å"She’s a fucking nutcase.† Dale said it like he was declaring water wet – like it was just understood. Theo looked from one of them to the other. He’d dealt with these two before, but thought it had all come to rest when they’d divorced five years ago. (He’d been constable of Pine Cove for fourteen years – he’d seen the wrong side of a lot of couples.) First rule in a domestic situation was separate the parties, but that appeared to have already been accomplished. You weren’t supposed to take sides, but since Theo had a soft spot for nutcases – he’d married one himself – he decided to make a judgment call and focus his attention on Dale. Besides, the guy was an asshole. Theo patted Lena’s back and loped over to Dale’s truck. â€Å"Don’t waste your time, hippie,† Dale said. â€Å"I’m done.† He climbed into his truck and closed the door. Hippie? Theo thought. Hippie? He’d cut his ponytail years ago. He’d stopped wearing Birkenstocks. He’d even stopped smoking pot. Where did this guy get off calling him a hippie? Hippie? he said to himself, then: â€Å"Hey!† Dale started his truck and put it into gear. Theo stepped up on the running board, leaned over the windshield, and started tapping on it with a quarter he’d fished from his jeans pocket. â€Å"Don’t leave, Dale.† Tap, tap, tap. â€Å"You leave now, I’ll put a warrant out for your arrest.† Tap, tap, tap. Theo was pissed now – he was sure of it. Yes, this was definitely anger now. Dale threw the truck into park and hit the electric window button. â€Å"What? What do you want?† â€Å"Lena wants to press charges for assault – maybe assault with a deadly weapon. I think you’d better rethink leaving right now.† â€Å"Deadly weapon? It was a bag of ice.† Theo shook his head, affected a whimsical storyteller’s tone: â€Å"A ten-pound bag of ice. Listen, Dale, as I drop a ten-pound block of ice on the courtroom floor in front of the jury. Can you hear it? Can’t you just see the jury cringe as I smash a honeydew melon on the defense attorney’s table with a ten-pound block of ice? Not a deadly weapon? ‘Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, this man, this reprobate, this redneck, this – if I may – clump-filled-cat-box-of-a-man, struck a defenseless woman – a woman who out of the kindness of her heart was collecting for the poor, a woman who was only – ; â€Å"But it’s not a block of ice, it’s –  » Theo raised a finger in the air. â€Å"Not another word, Dale, not until I read you your rights.† Theo could tell he was getting to Dale – veins were starting to pulse in the contractor’s temples and his bald head was turning bright pink. Hippie, huh? â€Å"Lena is definitely pressing charges, aren’t you, Lena?† Lena had made her way to the side of the truck. â€Å"No,† Lena said. â€Å"Bitch!† Theo said – it slipped out before he could stop himself. He’d been on such a roll. â€Å"See how she is,† said Dale. â€Å"Wish you had a bag of ice now, don’t you, hippie?† â€Å"I’m an officer of the law,† Theo said, wishing he had a gun or something. He pulled his badge wallet out of his back pocket but decided that was a little late for ID, since he’d known Dale for nearly twenty years. â€Å"Yeah, and I’m a Caribou,† Dale said, with more pride than he really should have had about that. â€Å"I’ll forget all about it if he puts a hundred bucks in the kettle,† Lena said. â€Å"You’re nuts, woman.† â€Å"It’s Christmas, Dale.† â€Å"Fuck Christmas and fuck you.† â€Å"Hey, there’s no need for that kind of talk, Dale,† Theo said, going for the peace in peace officer. â€Å"You can just step out of the truck.† â€Å"Fifty bucks in the kettle and he can go,† Lena said. â€Å"It’s for the needy.† Theo whipped around and looked at her. â€Å"You can’t plea-bargain in the parking lot of the Thrifty-Mart. I had him on the ropes.† â€Å"Shut up, hippie,† Dale said. Then to Lena, â€Å"You’ll take twenty and the needy can get bent. They can get a job like the rest of us.† Theo was sure he had handcuffs in the Volvo – or were they still on the bedpost at home? â€Å"That is not the way we –  » â€Å"Forty!† Lena shouted. â€Å"Done!† Dale said. He pulled two twenties from his wallet, wadded them up, and threw them out the window so they bounced off of Theo Crowe’s chest. He threw the truck in gear and backed out. â€Å"Stop right there!† Theo commanded. Dale righted the truck and took off. As the big red pickup passed Theo’s Volvo station wagon, parked twenty yards up the lot, a bag of ice came flying out the window and exploded against the Volvo’s tailgate, showering the parking lot with cubes but otherwise doing no damage whatsoever. â€Å"Merry Christmas, you psycho bitch!† Dale shouted out the window as he turned onto the street. â€Å"And to all a good night! Hippie!† Lena had tucked the wadded bills into her Santa suit and was squeezing Theo’s shoulder as the red truck roared out of sight. â€Å"Thanks for coming to my rescue, Theo.† â€Å"Not much of a rescue. You should press charges.† â€Å"I’m okay. He’d have gotten out of it anyway, he has great lawyers. Trust me, I know. Besides, forty bucks'† â€Å"That’s the Christmas spirit,† Theo said, not able to keep from smiling. â€Å"You sure you’re okay?† â€Å"I’m fine. It’s not the first time he’s lost it with me.† She patted the pocket of her Santa suit. â€Å"At least something came of this.† She started back to her kettle and Theo followed. â€Å"You have a week to file charges if you change your mind,† Theo said. â€Å"You know what, Theo? I really don’t want to spend another Christmas obsessing on what a complete waste of humanity Dale Pearson is. I’d rather let it go. Maybe if we’re lucky he’ll be one of those holiday fatalities we’re always hearing about† â€Å"That would be nice,† said Theo. â€Å"Now who’s in the Christmas spirit?† In another Christmas story, Dale Pearson, evil developer, self-absorbed woman hater, and seemingly unredeemable curmudgeon, might be visited in the night by a series of ghosts who, by showing him bleak visions of Christmas future, past, and present, would bring about in him a change to generosity, kindness, and a general warmth toward his fellow man But this is not that kind of Christmas story, so here, in not too many pages, someone is going to dispatch the miserable son of a bitch with a shovel. That’s the spirit of Christmas yet to come in these parts. Ho, ho, ho. How to cite The Stupidest Angel Chapter 1, Essay examples

The Imf And The Bretton Woods Agreements Essays -

The Imf And The Bretton Woods Agreements The international financial system has been radically altered since the worldwide depression of the late 1920's and early 1930's. This change is due in large part to the inception of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and its subsequent control over the international financial system. In this paper I will examine the extensive role of the Bretton Woods system of exchange rates and the gold standard. Additionally, I will examine the role that the IMF has taken on since the demise of the gold standard. To begin, we must examine the circumstances that surround the creation of the IMF, who the actors are and what each of their roles are as member countries. The IMF was created as a result of the worldwide market collapse that took place initially in October of 1929. The domino effect that took place when the first market crashed was seen to be a situation so severe that world powers felt that drastic measures needed to be taken to ensure that this was the last global financial crisis that the world would face. Its creation in 1944 was the beginning of a new era for the international financial system. The creation of the IMF occurred at Bretton Woods along with the World Bank and the system of fixed exchange rates and the gold standard for currency. Under this system, the US dollar was tied to gold by a United States government commitment to buy it at $35.00 and ounce and sell to central banks at the same price (excluding handling and other charges). Other participating countries maintained the exchange values of their currencies at prices which were almost fixed in terms of the dollar (the values fluctuate normally not more than one percent on either side of their parities), with the result that exchange rates were almost universally fixed. Other governments carried out their commitments by selling internationally acceptable liquid resources when there was an excess demand for foreign currencies in terms of their own currencies, and by buying liquid resources when there was an excess supply. What constituted internationally acceptable resources for this purpose were gold, and oth er liquid assets denominated in ?key? or reserve currencies, principally US dollars or UK pounds sterling. The IMF was to ensure that these standards were being followed as well as being the lender for temporary deficits, and balance of payment problems. Each member country contributed a predefined amount, or quotas, of national currencies and gold. This quota also determines the voting power on the IMF and the amount of resources that they may draw on from the Fund. Designed to foster monetary cooperation, the IMF sought to enforce strict rules of behaviour in a world based on the gold standard and fixed currency-exchange rates. The Fund had, in theory, strict rules regarding how much to lend and when it was to be repaid. In reality, however, the Fund had discretion to waive any normal limitations. In 1961 with the advent of the General Arrangements to Borrow (GAB), the Fund increased its ability to lend through arrangements to borrow from 10 major industrial countries. At the time, these agreements had enabled the IMF to have and additional $6 billion at its disposal. The Gold Standard, in theory, functioned to limit the ability of governments to issue currency at will, hence decreasing the purchasing power of money. It existed before the Bretton Woods agreement, but was suspended for reasons that we will see later. If, for example, the US dollar were defined as equal to 1/20 of an ounce of gold, then the number of dollars that the United States could issue would be constrained by its holdings of gold reserves. Moreover, if the UK defined its currency, the pound sterling, as 5/20 of an ounce of gold, the fixed exchange rate between the US and the UK, quite obviously would be $5 USD=?1 sterling. One specific problem with specie standards (that is a currency convertible into a standardised unit of a non-monetary commodity) is that the value of money is only as valuable as the specie backing it. When worldwide gold production was low in the 1870's and 1880's, the money supply grew slowly, leading to a general

AOI health care Essays

AOI health care Essays AOI health care Paper AOI health care Paper Aiming to lead Oregon to prosperity, this non-profit association is the biggest and most prominent in the state. It helps its members by offering money-saving benefits and discounts in their businesses. By doing so, their quality of life may be uplifted with the help of the association’s five trained professional lobbyists (Associated Oregon Industries, 2009). As such, the Associated Oregon Industries puts its members at the top of the priorities list. It intends to address significant business concerns such as fiscal policies by promoting a sustainable economy, expanding the private sector and creating jobs. Since its employees have an essential part in the association, AOI wants health care services to be easily accessible to them by assisting them in obtaining and paying for such. So far, AOI sounds like your typical company. But upon learning about a strict program it enforces, I realized that it is anything but. Formerly known as the Workdrugfree Oregon Program of Oregon Nurses Foundation, the Oregon Employer Drug Free Initiative is a program of the AOI aspiring to create a drug free workplace for its employees at a statewide extent. It was adopted in July 2008 (the change in name to OEDI was in January 2009) and remains the only initiative of its kind in the state. AOI has identified the many benefits of creating a drug-free workplace. Thus, the association wants its employees to be aware of these benefits as well by promoting these, creating and implementing policies that work towards such an environment and assisting the employees in following them (â€Å"What is OEDI? † 2009). The OEDI first came to the attention of many during a Leadership Summit in January 2006, where it was integrated into the Oregon Business Plan. It was established in response to a survey showing that 7% of Oregon employers were concerned about substance abuse. However, only 12% had policies against this in place. Though it is true that to employ a drug-free policy may be costly, to be without one proves to be costlier and not to mention more time-consuming. There is an increased likelihood of having on-the-job injuries and more absenteeism. There may be a lower sense of confidence for employees leading to a likewise lowering of productivity. Since applicants will know that the company does not have a drug-free policy for employees, more drug users will apply for the company, rather than in others with such policies that will not accept them. From the same survey used awhile ago, it was found that 77 percent of illegal drug users and 80 percent of heavy alcohol users are employed. More importantly, 20 percent of applicants fail pre-employment drug tests, reaching even 60 to 80 percent for smaller employers. These statistics undoubtedly present large costs for companies with anti-drug abuse policies in terms of the decreased scope of people they can employ (Wheeler, 2007). However, quoting from what Sid Smith, President of Forest Grove Lumber Co. , McMinnville, said â€Å"If you dont have a sufficient deterrent, drug users will own your company. Our drug-free policy enhanced our workplace productivity, which made a positive impact on our year-end profitability. † (â€Å"Success Stories,† 2007) The said costs seem worth it as AOI was able to create a safer environment for its workers, helping them have a better working experience. The association was able to earn the high regard of the community, and this positive reputation in turn allows the association to get a hold of higher quality applicants. Employees are more confident, increasing productivity and customer satisfaction as well. Finally, economically speaking, costs for health care are lowered together with rates of turnover and absenteeism. OEDI will take on certain procedures to ensure the aforementioned benefits. Educational campaigns to fight against substance abuse will be done in order to mobilize participating identities. Oregon’s workforce will be made free from drug abuse. The program also aims to tap legislators’ awareness about the effects of substance abuse on the safety and efficiency of a working environment, and to promote and prepare students about these. Moreover, these educational campaigns will train supervisors to detect and manage substance abuse in the workplace. Gjesvold (2007) recognizes the pressure on managers and supervisor’s shoulders when it comes to managing their employees who have been found out to be abusers, and as in OEDI, he suggests four steps to be taken in doing so. The first step is observation. According to Phoenix House (2008), these signs include prolonged or unexplained absences, increased accidents on and off the job. Abusers also seem to have a disregard for personal hygiene and an overreaction to criticism, even if the criticism is only imagined. Work patterns are inconsistent leading to lower productivity and efficiency. Physical signs such as bloodshot eyes, persistent cough, dilated pupils, slurred speech or unsteady walk may also be observed. Cocaine abusers can be hyperactive, paranoid, delusional and extremely moody. Next is preparation, which includes anticipating possible reactions of the employee, preparing for resistance or maybe even discussing the issue with a fellow supervisor. Third is perhaps the most crucial part, action, which involves the consultation of the employee and expressing of concerns from both sides and the possible consequences if nothing is done. Finally comes follow-through, where improvements are taken note of or consequences are given when there are no improvements. I personally believe that these policies being implemented by AOI are ones that should be emulated by other companies that seek to give their workers better working experience and that aim for better productivity. As said in an article by Wheeler (2007), We need to keep in mind that this is not just a business issue; it is a community issue. Drug and alcohol abuse in the workplace impacts our local economy, the ability of our businesses to get and keep good employees, the quality of service we receive and the cost of services we purchase. If we all support the concept of a drug-free workplace and support the businesses who implement drug-free workplace policies, we will all benefit from the outcome. BIBLIOGRAPHY Associated Oregon Industries. 2009. About us. Retrieved May 30, 2009 from aoi. org/organization/index. cfm. Gjesvold, J. 2007. Disruptive Behavior: Tough Challenge for Employers. Albany Area Chamber Network, 39 (2). 4. Phoenix House. 2008. Basic facts: Drugs, alcohol the workplace. Retrieved May 30, 2009 from phoenixhouse. org/National/DrugFacts/drugfacts_workplace. html. Success Stories. 2007. Retrieved May 30, 2009 from oregonemployerdrugfree. org/success. html. What is OEDI. 2009. Oregon Employer Drug-free Initiative eNewsletter. Retrieved May 30, 2009 from visitbaker. com/OEDI. pdf. Wheeler, C. 2007. Working Drug-free. Yamhill Valley Viewpoints in News Register . Retrieved May 30, 2009 from oregonemployerdrugfree. org/pdfs/opEdCeliaWheeler31007. pdf.

How to Make a Smoke Bomb With Ping Pong Balls

How to Make a Smoke Bomb With Ping Pong Balls Its easy to make a smoke bomb! You dont even need any fancy chemicals, like potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate. Heres how to use a ping pong ball to make a smoke bomb.   Ping Pong Smoke Bomb Materials Each ping pong ball makes one smoke bomb. You will need: ping pong ballaluminum foilpencillighter Assemble the Smoke Bomb Start by poking a hole in one side of a ping pong ball.Keep working at the hole until its large enough to insert the pencil into it. Put the pencil in the ping pong ball.Wrap aluminum foil around the ball and the pencil. Dont completely cover the pencil. What youre doing is making a nozzle for the smoke, so work an inch or two up the pencil.Remove the pencil. The ball plus foil is your finished smoke bomb!Take the smoke bomb outside and use a lighter flame to heat the foil on the bottom of the ping pong ball until smoke starts to come out of the nozzle. Set the smoke bomb on the ground and enjoy the show! How a Ping Pong Smoke Bomb Works You may not have realized it, but ping pong balls are made of nitrocellulose the same chemical used to make flash paper and the one that causes old movie reels to burst into flame. Ping pong balls are stable, though, and wont burn unless a heat source is applied. You may wish to burn a ping pong ball to see whats happening inside the smoke bomb: How To Burn a Ping Pong Ball (safely) If you burn a ping pong ball in the open, it produces some smoke, but not as much as youll get if you cover the ball to control the amount of oxygen and thus the rate of combustion. Making a spout or nozzle to control the incoming air and outgoing smoke also improves the smoke bomb. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

HR Training class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HR Training class - Essay Example e management must evaluate; who needs the training, where the training should happen, when the training will happen, why the training should happen, as well as, how it would happen. To accomplish this, the management must conduct analysis-using information that relates to the organizational goals and objectives, jobs and other tasks, which the employees need to learn, competences that the employees must possess to execute their duties effectively, as well as, the employees that the human resource should train. An effective needs assessment, program would help the management to direct resources to the areas that have the greatest demand. The needs assessment, program should help in addressing the needed resources as far as customer service is concerned. It should as well help in evaluating the needed resources as far as enhancing productivity, achievement of organizational goals, as well as, improvement of the quality of goods and services are concerned. A needs assessment in customer service entails identifying the gap between what the human resource expects from the employees and the actual performance, as far as customer service is concerned. Needs and assess ment, therefore, helps in closing the gap. The assessment within the small retail business would include three levels, which this paper will justify their need. The first level is organizational assessment. Organizational assessment determines the current performance of the organization, as far as, offering quality services to the customers is concerned. The assessment will help in identifying if the employees possess the right skills, abilities, knowledge or competencies in customer service. The assessment helps in solving problems present in customer service. Different businesses have different customer service needs. For example, a manufacturing company would have different customer service needs compared to a retail business. This reflects the importance of assessing the needs. In other words, it would

Theology of Redemption and the Christian Liberty Thesis Proposal

Theology of Redemption and the Christian Liberty - Thesis Proposal Example The paper tells that in the course of the storey of humanity, persons, regardless of time and place, have been plagued by three important concerns. The first concern is ‘where did I come from?’ while the second question is ‘what is happening now?’ and finally the third concern is ‘what will happen to me in the future?. In effect, in this continuum of questions, uncertainty marks each query. As such, humanity’s quest for answers to these issues, often gnat at their being, because most wants to remove the dread and anguish towards the unknown future as they have trekked the masked past and the uncertain present. In this regard, all types of religion try to assuage the trepidation and angst of the future by unveiling the future, â€Å"practically all religions have developed a way of looking into the future†. This knowledge they impart in order to help humanity take the path that will help them avoid grief and uncertainty. In this context, C hristianity bears witness to the truism that â€Å"God has spoken in the past to our ancestors through the prophets, in many different ways, although never completely; but in our times he has spoken definitively to us through his Son†. Through the Son, Christianity affirms the key truth of faith â€Å"Yes, God so love the world that he gave his only Son that whoever believes in him may not be lost but may have eternal life†. In light of this, the research will be dealing with one of the most important aspect of Christian faith – Redemption in connection with Christian liberty. Background of the Study The contemporary period is marked by radical changes that continuously transform not only society, but also the way humanity perceived life, meaning, relationship and human nature (Ortega-Villasenor, 2004). The continued deconstruction of traditional values, norms, interpretations, meanings and beliefs should empower humanity to be freed from the limits of the insti tutions and structures permeating the world of man (Johnson 12). Some of these radical changes include globalization, rapid developments and advancements in science and technology and the increasing challenge of global environmental challenge. Globalization is the breaking of the barriers in trade among nations, paving for a freer movements of goods, services, people, capital and even values, traditions and way of life (Coatsworth 38). This is dynamic in view of the fact that it does not only affect the economic life and structures of the global society, but its influence pervades almost all facets of human encounters in the modern period, thus, making globalization one of the most powerful vector of change in the modern period (Suarez-Orozco and Qin-Hilliard 25). In the same manner, rapid advancements and developments in science and technology re-structure the arena where people encounter, interact and undertake actions. In this regard, the contemporary human condition is character ised by the interconnection and continued interrelation between the human-social dimension and information- computer technological advancements. Thus, existing socio-technological systems are the venue for â€Å"the interaction between society’s complex infrastructures and human behaviour. Within this concept, society itself and most of its substructures are complex socio-technical systems† (Stranks, 100). Meanwhile, biomedical innovations have created the condition wherein extension of human life span has been achieved as medicine has become capable of curing and preventing number of diseases (Ehni and Marckmann 985). This has created the attribute known as super-mediatic world. This means that the world is right on the tip of our fingers. One push of buttons, things are done, connections are made and communications are relayed. Finally, the environmental concerns that plague the period refer not only to the depletion of earth’s natural resources and the piling up of by-products or

The Middle East During The Cold War

The Middle East During The Cold War The impact of the rivalry between Soviet Union and United States in the Cold War distorted internal politics and exacerbated or complicated regional conflicts. Indeed, the grafting of the USA/USSR competition over pre-existing Middle Eastern rivalries in several cases intensified them. At the same time, though, and in some cases, the Middle Eastern political à ©lites themselves made use of the Cold War to pursue their own interests of hegemony, security or colonial emancipation. Following Khalidi (2009) in assuming that during the Cold War the level of penetration of the Soviet and American influence was proportional to the degree of the strategic importance of the region, I will first discuss the strategic and geopolitical features of the Middle East. Secondly, I will describe some significant historical events, in order to show how the Cold War logic affected the area and how it shaped the regions political reality, both from a regional and a domestic point of view. The cold War and the Middle East The Cold War dominated world politics from the end of the WW2 to the collapse of Soviet Union. On 5 March 1946, when Churchill pronounced its famous speech at Westminster University, in Fulton, Missouri, describing Europe as divided by an iron curtain, with eastern Europe subjected to the Soviet sphere and the West under American influence, the Cold War was already on going. For more than forty years, superpowers competed ideologically, militarily, technologically and diplomatically. The effects of the rivalry extended all over the World, generating high degree of polarization and aggravating pre-existing conflicts. Although there were no wars fought directly by the two superpowers, proxy confrontations occurred in Southeast Asia, Central America, the Caribbean, Africa and the Middle East. The Middle East was a primary area of contention (Khalidi, 2009). Since WWII, superpowers were aware of its importance, in terms of its strategic geographic location and its vast oilfields and gas deposits. In fact, from a geopolitical point of view, the region lays at the junction of three continents, immediately south to the border of Russia and the Caucasus and it is surrounded by four major seas, namely the Mediterranean, the Black and the Caspian Sea and the Indian Ocean. Before the end of the war, both United States and Soviet Union were already strategically interested in the Middle Easts oil reserve. In fact, not only at the time were the great powers the Worlds major oil producers (Khalidi, 2009), but also the war made them increasingly aware of the strategic role oil had acquired in warfare. Their motorised forces, in fact, were crucially dependent on oil for their propulsion, as were their navies and air forces (Khalidi, 2009). Consequentially, they become intensely concer ned about the risk of their supplies being denied by their enemies and about preserving them. Nonetheless, the regions importance in terms of military strategy and oil supply further established throughout the Cold War. In the late 1950s and until the Cuban missiles crisis of 1962, American missiles launching submarines were based in Turkey; in the 1960s and for about a decade, when a longer range missiles technology became available, American submarines were in Spain, with Soviet antisubmarine naval forces and air units based in Egypt and Turkey. During the 1970s, the military and strategic territorial concern of both powers moved to the Arab Peninsula and the region bordering the Indian Ocean, where the new generation American missiles launching submarines were positioned (Khalid, 2009). Anyway, in the aftermath of the WWII, United States and Soviet Union were already militarily and diplomatically engaged in the region, respectively in Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Iran, and Iranian Azerbaijan and Kurdistan. The Middle East, thus, became a major theatre of bitter rivalries between the great powers, the effects of which would deeply influence and shape its politics and historical dynamics. Conflicts, alliances, nuclear threats and the complex events which occurred in the Middle East during the Cold War were determined by the following underlying forces: fear of the superpowers of being excluded from the control over the region; their attempt to replace Britains power in the Middle East; anti-colonialism and the struggle of Middle Eastern states for the emancipation, which led to their alliances with the superpowers; the emergence of Arab nationalism and the diffusion of the communist ideology. Ideology, indeed, played a fundamental role. It was adopted both in terms of appeal made to potential allies and in terms of economic, political and social models they offered to them (Halliday in Sayigh and Shlaim, 1997). One of the events which reveal the pervasive effects of the international competition in the Region is The Arab cold war of 1958-1970, as Malcolm H. Kerr (1965) has called it. In the aftermath of the Suez crisis, in which both superpowers have supported Egypt and the Arab states against Israel, French and Britain, the pre-war Saudi-American relationship was cemented by the Eisenhower Doctrine and Saudi adherence to it. In his famous speech of January 1957, Eisenhower admitted the strategic importance of the area and denounced the Communist threat in the Middle East and Soviet Unions interest in power politics, which have become clearer with its involvement in the Suez crisis. Soviet political, economic and military aids were depicted by President Eisenhower as International Communisms instruments of domination (Eisenhower, 1957), apparently harmless means to manipulate local instability for Soviet power-purpose. Thus, he authorized the employment of the armed forces of the United Sta tes to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid, against overt armed aggression from any nation controlled by International Communism (Eisenhower, 1957). The Saudi-American relation exacerbated Saudi relations with Nassers Egypt, a former non-aligned state which was moving closer to the Soviet Union. At the same time a heterogeneous agglomerate of political forces supported by the Soviet Union was formed, including not only communist and radical parties, but also nationalist, pan-Arab, anti-colonialist and bourgeois-democratic groups. In order to balance the secular and radical wave of Arab regimes, as Khalidi (2009) pointed out, Saudi Arabia and its ally United States adopted Islam and religious propaganda as ideological counter-weapon. In this way, Islam became a crucial tool of the American intelligence during the Cold War. The result was a high degree of polarization in the Region, with the Soviet Union aligned with authoritarian nationalist regimes and USA supporting absolute monarchies in Saudi Arabia, Iran and the Arab Gulf States and authoritative regimes in Pakistan, Jordan, Tunisia and Morocco. Another instance of the superpowers influence over regional politics in the Middle East is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Although the origin of the conflict has little to do with superpowers rivalry (Halliday, the Cold War competition generated polarization around the issue, fuelling arms race and leading several times to the risk of a nuclear strike. In the first phase of Israel life, namely from its birth in 1948 to the Suez Crisis of 1956, superpowers competed in supporting Israel. Polarization occurred after 1956, with USA supporting Israel and Soviet Union supporting Arab States. The competition took place in terms of armaments supply and economic aids, with the stakes escalating and culminating with the 1968-1970 and the 1973 wars, when Washington declared nuclear alert for the last time in the history of the Cold War. Internally, cold war rivalries distorted economic decisions, domestic policies, social, military and political balances, with the superpowers being responsible of or supporting coups and internal rebellions (Khalidi, 2009). Religion and ideology have been instrumentalised in order to pursuit the Cold War logic of balance of power, with some impacts also on the growth of democracy. Indeed, there was no stress by the United States to promote democracy or Human rights in the area. USA itself covered or supported actions to subvert Middle Eastern democracies such as the American-Britishs coup in Iran, which brought down the elected Mossadeq government and reinstalled the autocratic Mohammad Reza Shah in 1953. This behaviour was coherent with the American security tasks to preserve the Middle East from Communism and export the capitalist logic of free market; tasks which could be effectively pursued by aligning with the wealthy and conservative local elites. Soviet Union, instead, work ed attentively to encourage the development of socialism and distributive logic in the area, trying to appeal to the working classes and local communist parties (Khalidi, 2009). An instance of the pervasive effect of rivalry at the domestic level is the case of Iran. Due to geographical contiguity, Iran felt continuously menaced by the Soviet Union. In the aftermath of the war, though, communism was not perceived by the à ©lites as good option for the development of the country. Thus, at the beginning of the Cold War, United States security interests, coincided with the Iranian ones (). US supported Shah, whose conservative government led to absolutism, corruption and to political stagnation, which, combined with fast modernization and social disruption, contributed to the rise of the Islamic Revolution. USSR also played a role in undermining the power of the Shah. As Rubinstein tells us, although Soviet Union did not directly interfere in the fall of the Shah, communist agents played an important role in spreading discontent in the Iranian oilfields, contributing to the economic paralysis, which undermined the pro-American government. However, concerning the case of Iran, two considerations must be done, which, to different extents, could be applied to several other cases in the region. First, the Cold War did not represent the first case of influence and penetration by a hegemonic power in Persia. In fact, for example, both Russia and Britain had great security and economic interest in the Persian Gulf and intervened several times in the country, both militarily and not. In 1907, in order to balance their influence, the two states agreed to divide Iran; 1942, unsatisfied of its neutrality, they agreed to invade it. Secondly, not only the rivalry logic diverted Iranian domestic policy, but also Iranian (and not only) à ©lites made use of the Cold War and of USA support in order to pursue their security goals and keep itself independent from the Soviet threat, which, as previous events show, had worried them long before the beginning of the USA/USSR competition. Finally, as Halliday (1997) pointed out, the Cold War competition had also another role in the region. It worked as a distraction, diverting attention from domestic problems, which could otherwise be earlier observed and solved. What emerged from the end of the competition and the victory of the West, thus, is just a not distorted and more grasping picture of the region and its pre-existent complexities. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1957eisenhowerdoctrine.html (Eisenhower doctrine)

Information technology and college experience Essay

Technology is continually changing the way the world is going. Education is not an exemption. Today, it is helping shape the way students are procuring information, and the way teachers are getting the information which they share. In fact, many students, teachers, and schools now perceive that it is unimaginable to go back to the stage when there is no internet, electronic mail, or word processing. This shows that the partnership between education and technology should be further nurtured. Meanwhile, there are issues that need to be addressed. This research shows how all of these are happening, and how they are affecting college experience. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS The paper will focus on the way technology has changed in the past ten years. In the process, it will also involve how technology is still changing the way in which education is being changed today by new innovations. There will be discussions on learning with technology, specifically through the use of online learning methods and distance education instruction. The research will focus on the college environment. The population for the research will likewise be college students. On the process, teachers will also be involved in the research to qualify or disqualify conclusions throughout the research. Overall, the goal of the research is to identify how technological changes in college education have impacted the experiences of the students studying in college. Sub-problems The following sub-problems will be posed in the research. The sub-problems are: 1. to compare college education today and ten years ago to determine the specific innovations that were introduced during the ten-year period; 3. to identify the positive and negative effects of the changes and the innovations; 4. to know how the changes affected the college experience of students; and 5. to recognize the needs of the students and the technological framework that is working in the education industry. Hypothesis This research hypothesizes that technology is a powerful tool. By its power, a great deal of innovations has been contributed to many industries. Thus, it can also be said that it has impacted and affected the education industry especially in the college level positively. Statement of delimitations The research will focus on college students who are taking courses in the traditional classroom setting. However, no limitations will be set pertaining to any determinants such as age, gender, location, or religion. There will also be no limitations as to the courses that they are taking. Students who are attending online courses while attending traditional classroom setting will also be allowed to join. There will also be points when teachers will also be tapped to provide information on several research sub-topics. This will give the paper a diverse yet focused population for its research. Definition of terms In the course of the study, several terms and jargons will come up. Most of these words are referring to terms used in technology and education. The following words are most likely to appear throughout the study. They are defined here for reference and clarity.

Sociological View of Women and Body Image - 850 Words

The Sociological View of Women and Body Image You have just bought a new pair of jeans. You think that you look absolutely great in them until you turn on the television or compare yourself to the person on side of you. Today, women all over the world are focused on the way society views them, which has an influence on the way they view themselves. The field known as sociology of the body investigates the ways in which our bodies are affected by our social experiences, as well as by the norms and values of the groups to which we belong (Giddens, Duneier, et al, 2007). Body image is an ideal image of what one’s body looks like or what she wants it to look like. It can also be defined as the value one may put on physical appearance. This†¦show more content†¦However, white women are usually dissatisfied with their figure, and they focus on dieting and regular exercise (Baugh, 106). The way a woman perceives her body also has an effect on her sexual behavior. When thinking of the connection between body image and sexuality, it may seem rather simple. If you are positive about the way you look, you’re more likely to be more comfortable having sex and may enjoy it much better (Ackard). On the other hand, if you are not pleased with your body, you may abstain from sexual activity. This isn’t always the case; a person with a positive view may still abstain from sex because of religious beliefs or family values. Therefore, it depends on the individual and may have different effects on different people. However, sexual behavior also has an effect on body image. Over the years, feminists and sex educators have worked with women in order to help them obtain positive sexual experiences (Ackard). They teach women how to sexually satisfy themselves and their partners. The outcome of this was that sexual exploration and sexual behavior can have a positive imp act on body image (Ackard). 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Hypothesis Testing With One-Sample t-Tests

Youve collected your data, youve got your model, youve run your regression and youve got your results. Now what do you do with your results? In this article we consider the Okuns Law model and results from the article How to Do a Painless Econometrics Project. One sample t-tests will be introduced and used in order to see if the theory matches the data. The theory behind Okuns Law was described in the article: Instant Econometrics Project 1 - Okuns Law: Okuns law is an empirical relationship between the change in the unemployment rate and the percentage growth in real output, as measured by GNP. Arthur Okun estimated the following relationship between the two: Yt - 0.4 (Xt - 2.5 ) This can also be expressed as a more traditional linear regression as: Yt 1 - 0.4 Xt Where:Yt is the change in the unemployment rate in percentage points.Xt is the percentage growth rate in real output, as measured by real GNP. So our theory is that the values of our parameters are B1 1 for the slope parameter and B2 -0.4 for the intercept parameter. We used American data to see how well the data matched the theory. From How to Do a Painless Econometrics Project we saw that we needed to estimate the model: Yt = b1 + b2 Xt Yt Xt b1 b2 B1 B2 Using Microsoft Excel, we calculated the parameters b1 and b2. Now we need to see if those parameters match our theory, which was that B1 1 and B2 -0.4. Before we can do that, we need to jot down some figures that Excel gave us. If you look at the results screenshot youll notice that the values are missing. That was intentional, as I want you to calculate the values on your own. For the purposes of this article, I will make up some values and show you in what cells you can find the real values. Before we begin our hypothesis testing, we need to jot down the following values: Observations Number of Observations (Cell B8) Obs 219 Intercept Coefficient (Cell B17) b1 0.47 (appears on chart as AAA)Standard Error (Cell C17) se1 0.23 (appears on chart as CCC)t Stat (Cell D17) t1 2.0435 (appears on chart as x)P-value (Cell E17) p1 0.0422 (appears on chart as x) X Variable Coefficient (Cell B18) b2 - 0.31 (appears on chart as BBB)Standard Error (Cell C18) se2 0.03 (appears on chart as DDD)t Stat (Cell D18) t2 10.333 (appears on chart as x)P-value (Cell E18) p2 0.0001 (appears on chart as x) In the next section well look at hypothesis testing and well see if our data matches our theory. Be Sure to Continue to Page 2 of Hypothesis Testing Using One-Sample t-Tests. First we’ll consider our hypothesis that the intercept variable equals one. The idea behind this is explained quite well in Gujarati’s Essentials of Econometrics. On page 105 Gujarati describes hypothesis testing: â€Å"[S]uppose we hypothesize that the true B1 takes a particular numerical value, e.g., B1 1. Our task now is to â€Å"test† this hypothesis.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the language of hypothesis testing a hypothesis such as B1 1 is called the null hypothesis and is generally denoted by the symbol H0. Thus H0: B1 1. The null hypothesis is usually tested against an alternative hypothesis, denoted by the symbol H1. The alternative hypothesis can take one of three forms:H1: B1 1, which is called a one-sided alternative hypothesis, orH1: B1 1, also a one-sided alternative hypothesis, orH1: B1 not equal 1, which is called a two-sided alternative hypothesis. That is the true value is either greater or less than 1.† In the above I’ve substituted in our hypothesis for Gujarati’s to make it easier to follow. In our case we want a two-sided alternative hypothesis, as we’re interested in knowing if B1 is equal to 1 or not equal to 1. The first thing we need to do to test our hypothesis is to calculate at t-Test statistic. The theory behind the statistic is beyond the scope of this article. Essentially what we are doing is calculating a statistic which can be tested against a t distribution to determine how probable it is that the true value of the coefficient is equal to some hypothesized value. When our hypothesis is B1 1 we denote our t-Statistic as t1(B11) and it can be calculated by the formula: t1(B11) (b1 - B1 / se1) Let’s try this for our intercept data. Recall we had the following data: Intercept b1 0.47se1 0.23 Our t-Statistic for the hypothesis that B1 1 is simply: t1(B11) (0.47 – 1) / 0.23 2.0435 So t1(B11) is 2.0435. We can also calculate our t-test for the hypothesis that the slope variable is equal to -0.4: X Variable b2 -0.31se2 0.03 Our t-Statistic for the hypothesis that B2 -0.4 is simply: t2(B2 -0.4) ((-0.31) – (-0.4)) / 0.23 3.0000 So t2(B2 -0.4) is 3.0000. Next we have to convert these into p-values. The p-value may be defined as the lowest significance level at which a null hypothesis can be rejected...As a rule, the smaller the p value, the stronger is the evidence against the null hypothesis. (Gujarati, 113) As a standard rule of thumb, if the p-value is lower than 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. This means that if the p-value associated with the test t1(B11) is less than 0.05 we reject the hypothesis that B11 and accept the hypothesis that B1 not equal to 1. If the associated p-value is equal to or greater than 0.05, we do just the opposite, that is we accept the null hypothesis that B11. Calculating the p-value Unfortunately, you cannot calculate the p-value. To obtain a p-value, you generally have to look it up in a chart. Most standard statistics and econometrics books contain a p-value chart in the back of the book. Fortunately with the advent of the internet, there’s a much simpler way of obtaining p-values. The site Graphpad Quickcalcs: One sample t test allows you to quickly and easily obtain p-values. Using this site, here’s how you obtain a p-value for each test. Steps Needed to Estimate a p-value for B11 Click on the radio box containing â€Å"Enter mean, SEM and N.† Mean is the parameter value we estimated, SEM is the standard error, and N is the number of observations.Enter 0.47 in the box labelled â€Å"Mean:†.Enter 0.23 in the box labelled â€Å"SEM:†Enter 219 in the box labelled â€Å"N:†, as this is the number of observations we had.Under 3. Specify the hypothetical mean value click on the radio button beside the blank box. In that box enter 1, as that is our hypothesis.Click â€Å"Calculate Now† You should get an output page. On the top of the output page you should see the following information: P value and statistical significance:The two-tailed P value equals 0.0221By conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be statistically significant. So our p-value is 0.0221 which is less than 0.05. In this case we reject our null hypothesis and accept our alternative hypothesis. In our words, for this parameter, our theory did not match the data. Be Sure to Continue to Page 3 of Hypothesis Testing Using One-Sample t-Tests. Again using site Graphpad Quickcalcs: One sample t test we can quickly obtain the p-value for our second hypothesis test: Steps Needed to Estimate a p-value for B2 -0.4 Click on the radio box containing “Enter mean, SEM and N.” Mean is the parameter value we estimated, SEM is the standard error, and N is the number of observations. Enter -0.31 in the box labelled “Mean:”. Enter 0.03 in the box labelled “SEM:” Enter 219 in the box labelled “N:”, as this is the number of observations we had. Under “3. Specify the hypothetical mean value” click on the radio button beside the blank box. In that box enter -0.4, as that is our hypothesis. Click “Calculate Now” P value and statistical significance: The two-tailed P value equals 0.0030By conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be statistically significant. We used U.S. data to estimate the Okuns Law model. Using that data we found that both the intercept and slope parameters are statistically significantly different than those in Okuns Law. Therefore we can conclude that in the United States Okuns Law does not hold. Now youve seen how to calculate and use one-sample t-tests, you will be able to interpret the numbers youve calculated in your regression. If youd like to ask a question about econometrics, hypothesis testing, or any other topic or comment on this story, please use the feedback form. If youre interested in winning cash for your economics term paper or article, be sure to check out The 2004 Moffatt Prize in Economic Writing